tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66148917365830456872024-03-05T08:27:13.282-08:00medical laboratoryall about medical laboratory
,test and equipment
,question and answer
,and all of ur needmogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.comBlogger48125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-35082598912652034202010-07-26T23:45:00.000-07:002010-07-27T00:03:53.470-07:00tissue processing<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dy_G8uRpVQJSQi3Da_BFJKcaBEMMe4fGcWDdDnIwqpTA1tr8deOrKZDB2J77ARIUCtn4nk4kabmbnts_29N' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com43tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-34619350174772171022010-07-26T00:58:00.001-07:002010-07-26T01:02:02.532-07:00Spectrophotometer<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 332px; height: 277px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhenDBSgzqG2d3k2J7J52Dh9iYK-NsaDGW9_IvPlyU_Oqsb4zu7v_Sg9farlBMqX0-Rjx_ZoWorsaD6ECyRI_vnM7TaXnS4yyXyZorW1sV_rER690DLdkW1C3AJf87UvEWXcxdjl0WHkw/s400/5.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5498121508365042882" border="0" />
<div style="text-align: left;"><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="" title="">This device uses in the chemical analysis of any account the focus of vehicles inside the samples</span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="" title=""></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="">This depends on the absorption of light composite particles and the proportion of light entering the eye and light</span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title=""></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="">Abroad determines the absorbance of light.</span></span>
</div>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-61149853301052241822010-07-25T23:45:00.000-07:002010-07-26T00:22:35.134-07:00Centrifuge<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 311px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBljunuAz4a0uNVjS1QJQJF-TaB8qgNfS5lXNYLMk0jLvKZxGwcKggjdz8dg_mjfJiFwmJwnCaYfSKlPG9ETYM5pOT6otJx180EXqBLvlSbu-UGEexs20cnO8yW8bHNDiaQhB8THPMWg/s400/hettich_eba20_portable_centrifuge.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5498104323876434946" border="0" />
<div style="text-align: left;"><span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="جهاز الطرد المركزي Centrifuge:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" >Centrifuge : </span></span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="جهاز الطرد المركزي Centrifuge:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="جهاز الطرد المركزي Centrifuge:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="يستخدم هذا الجهاز في المختبرات الطبية لفصل مكونات الدم عن بعضها" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">This machine is used in medical laboratories to separate blood components from each other </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="يستخدم هذا الجهاز في المختبرات الطبية لفصل مكونات الدم عن بعضها" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="مبدأ العمل هو قوة الطرد المركزي التي تجعل الجزيئات الأكثر كثافة في الوزن" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The operating principle is the centrifugal force that makes the molecules more intensive weight </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="مبدأ العمل هو قوة الطرد المركزي التي تجعل الجزيئات الأكثر كثافة في الوزن" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="في قعر الأنبوب ثم الأقل وهكذا..." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">At the bottom of the tube and then at least, and so on ... </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="في قعر الأنبوب ثم الأقل وهكذا..." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="يحتوي على محرك كهربائي يدور بسرعة عالية ويمكن التحكم بسرعاته حسب الحاجة." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Contains the electric motor spins at high speed and can be controlled Bsrath as needed. </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="يحتوي على محرك كهربائي يدور بسرعة عالية ويمكن التحكم بسرعاته حسب الحاجة." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="يحتوي على محرك كهربائي يدور بسرعة عالية ويمكن التحكم بسرعاته حسب الحاجة." onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span title="مبدأ عمل الجهاز:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Operating principle of the device: </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="مبدأ عمل الجهاز:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"> </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span title="مبدأ عمل الجهاز:" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="هو الدوران مما يساعد على مزج المواد أو عزلها بواسطة الطرد المركزي0" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Is the rotation which helps to mixing of materials or isolated by centrifugation </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="هو الدوران مما يساعد على مزج المواد أو عزلها بواسطة الطرد المركزي0" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="ويتم ذالك بواسطة الماتور الذي يدور بسرعة 2000إلى 3000 دوره بالدقيقة ويعتمد الدوران على الوقت المحدد من قبل المشغل عن طريق اليد سويج (التايمر)أي يدور الماتور بسرع حسب الوقت الذي يسمح به السويج ويبدأ بنصف دقيقه وينتهي بعشر دقائق 0عند دوران الماسك تتم عملية المزج أي فصل" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">Is piece by Almattur which spins at speeds of 2000 to 3000 rpm and supports circulation to the time specified by the operator by hand Sweig (Altaymr) which revolves Almattur Bsra depending on the time allowed by the Suwaij and starts at half a minute and ends with ten minutes 0 when rotation of the mask is a combination of any separation </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="المواد حسب الكثافة 0يعمل الجهاز بفولتيات 220 V---50 HZ أو 110V---60 HZ وهناك أنواع عديدة من الاجهزه فهناك أجهزه حديثه الكترونية (ديجتال)تعمل باللمس وهناك الاجهزه العادية 0" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">materials according to density device works Bvoltaiat 220 V --- 50 HZ or 110V --- 60 HZ There are many types of devices, there are modern devices Electronic (Digital) touch screen devices and there are regular </span></span>
<span id="result_box" class="long_text"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="المواد حسب الكثافة 0يعمل الجهاز بفولتيات 220 V---50 HZ أو 110V---60 HZ وهناك أنواع عديدة من الاجهزه فهناك أجهزه حديثه الكترونية (ديجتال)تعمل باللمس وهناك الاجهزه العادية 0" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" title="أما الأعطال الشائعة في هذه الاجهزه هو عطل الماتور أو بالتحديد القطع الكاربونيه (الفحمات) أو كسر الحاضن أو كسر ماسك التيوب وهذا قله ما يحصل0" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'">The faults are common in these devices is the failure Almattur or specifically blocks carbonate (Alvhamat) or break the custodial or broken tube holder and this lack of what is happening </span></span>
</div>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-57328837090216791422010-07-15T20:50:00.000-07:002010-07-15T20:52:28.047-07:00<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 600px; height: 589px;" src="http://deejaydiagnostics.com/web/images/stories/machine3.jpg" alt="" border="0" />mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-91878802982335640302010-07-15T20:48:00.001-07:002010-07-15T20:49:41.760-07:0060C+ bench top<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 500px; height: 316px;" src="http://www.pressreleasepoint.com/files/images/uid20350/0910HOR-MED_Aberystwyth.jpg" alt="" border="0" />mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-52403561261352215202010-07-15T20:46:00.001-07:002010-07-15T20:47:54.911-07:00<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 860px; height: 645px;" src="http://www.snf.org/uploads/photos/zoom/821_1.jpg" alt="" border="0" />mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-81724203883650007142010-07-15T20:43:00.000-07:002010-07-15T20:46:17.663-07:00Haematology analyzer<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 528px; height: 420px;" src="http://www.ducray-lenoir.com/images/products/medical/equipment/diagnostic/haematology-analyser.jpg" alt="" border="0" />mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-35267118202087027552010-07-15T20:32:00.000-07:002010-07-15T20:43:39.090-07:00Coulter STKS<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 640px; height: 480px;" src="http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/higgy/Lab/Coulter%20STKS%20Haematology%20Analizer.JPG" alt="" border="0" />mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-10302187035716559322010-07-08T05:05:00.000-07:002010-07-08T05:19:16.508-07:00<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 331px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCsb_qbhU5jJHsAPbzjkJI1zVOjgUz788nPiBa9Eyu6iBRlMqYuiLTHK52f_E_Hew73VpePtAZ4upqgBFUGOC-UCwI1P1BcH-ivkSjsG_6Slv_kmmW5G_6aUObnVwr9uHe2x1m9zXs-Q/s400/microbiology.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5491508572304587122" border="0" />
<p><b>Microbiology</b> (from Greek <span lang="grc">μῑκρος</span>, <i>mīkros</i>, "small"; <span lang="grc">βίος</span>, <i>bios</i>, "life"; and <span lang="grc">-λογία</span>, <i>-logia</i>) is the study of <i><span class="mw-redirect">microorganisms</span></i>, which are <span class="mw-redirect">unicellular</span> or cell-cluster <span class="mw-redirect">microscopic</span> organisms.<sup id="cite_ref-Brock_0-0" class="reference"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup> This includes eukaryotes such as <span class="mw-redirect">fungi</span> and <span class="mw-redirect">protists</span>, and prokaryotes. Viruses, though not strictly classed as living organisms, are also studied.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></sup> In short; microbiology refers to the study of life and organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Microbiology typically includes the study of the immune system, or Immunology. Generally, immune systems interact with pathogenic microbes; these two disciplines often intersect which is why many colleges offer a paired degree such as "Microbiology and Immunology".</p> <p>Microbiology is a broad term which includes virology, mycology, parasitology, <span class="mw-redirect">bacteriology</span> and other branches. A microbiologist is a specialist in microbiology and these other topics.</p> Microbiology is researched actively, and the field is advancing continually. It is estimated only about one percent of all of the microbe species on Earth have been studied.<sup id="cite_ref-Amann1995_2-0" class="reference"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup> Although microbes were directly observed over three hundred years ago, the field of microbiology can be said to be in its infancy relative to older biological disciplines such as zoology and botanymogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-41364001582453330412010-07-07T00:05:00.000-07:002010-07-07T01:04:40.824-07:00mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-25417069647022129092010-07-05T23:41:00.000-07:002010-07-05T23:43:29.739-07:00Molecular Structure of Bacteria<p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Molecular Structure of Bacteria</span></b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style=""><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">1-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell Membrane:</span></b></span><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >It is very important structure in the bacterial cell, also called cytoplasmic membrane or sometimes protoplasmic membrane. Chemically cytoplasmic membrane is composed of bilayers of phospholipids.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Basic functions of cell membrane are :<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >1\ to control the movement of substances.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >2\ to secrete hydrolytic enzymes.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >3\ responsible for secretion of transport protein and proteins involved in cell wall synthesis.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">2-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cytoplasm:</span></b></span><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" > which contains:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">3-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Genetic Material:</span></b></span><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" > a single piece of <b>DNA</b> without nuclear membrane.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">4-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Ribosomes:</span></b></span><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" > which are known as protein making organelle.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">5-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Mesosomes:</span></b></span><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" > Which are attached to the cell membrane and is thought that it is associated in cell division (binary fission).<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">6-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell Wall:</span></b></span><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" > is another component of bacterial cell which is outside the cell, it is a rigid organelle and also it gives the bacteria it's shape and also prevents expansion of cell membrane (protects the cell against osmotic pressure). The other name of the cell wall is known as peptidoglycan which is composed of: polysaccharides: the main polysaccharides which are found in the composition are: <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >N – acetyl glucose amine.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >N – acetyl muramic acid.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >and this peptidoglycan is only found in the cell wall of bacteria. It is a target for antibiotics to act on. Some antibiotics act on the cell wall e.g. penicillins and cephalosporins. This is known as selective toxicity.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Differences between G+ve and G-ve bacteria:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <div dir="ltr" align="left"> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style=""> <td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: rgb(179, 179, 179) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 32.4pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="43" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: rgb(179, 179, 179) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 180pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="240" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Gram +ve<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; background: rgb(179, 179, 179) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 213.7pt; -moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-inline-policy: continuous;" width="285" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Gram –ve <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.4pt;" width="43" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >1-<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180pt;" width="240" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell wall is thick<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.7pt;" width="285" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell wall is thin<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.4pt;" width="43" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >2-<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180pt;" width="240" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell wall is compact<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.7pt;" width="285" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell wall is less compact.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.4pt;" width="43" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >3-<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180pt;" width="240" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell wall almost is peptidoglycan which includes 90%<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.7pt;" width="285" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell wall is peptidoglycan but only 10%<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.4pt;" width="43" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >4-<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180pt;" width="240" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Contains a component of teichoic acid in the cell wall<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.7pt;" width="285" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >No teichoic acid.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.4pt;" width="43" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >5-<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180pt;" width="240" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Presence of lipoteichoic acid<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.7pt;" width="285" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >No lipoteichoic acid<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.4pt;" width="43" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >6-<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180pt;" width="240" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell wall cotains No lipo polysaccharide <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.7pt;" width="285" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Cell wall contains lipo polysaccharides<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 32.4pt;" width="43" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >7-<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 180pt;" width="240" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >The surface is made of protein<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 213.7pt;" width="285" valign="top"> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >The surface is made of: lipo polysaccharides, lipo protein, phospholipids.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Defect or obstruction of the cell wall will give:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">1-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Protoplast<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">2-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Spheroplast<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">3-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >L-forms<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Specialized products outside the cell wall:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >1- Capsule:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style=""> </span>this is a layer of loose slime material which surrounds some bacterial cells. The capsules are composed of mainly of polysaccharides or peptides. They resist phagocytosis and so their presence on a bacterium is associated with virulence. They are identified by negative staining due to their low affinity for simple staining.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >*<span style=""> </span>e.g. of capsulated bacteria:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><i><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Klebsiella pneumoniae</span></i><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" > <span style=""> </span>(polysaccharide)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><i><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Bacillus anthraces</span></i><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style=""> </span>(poly – D – glutamic acid)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >2- Flagella:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style=""> </span>These are filaments that originate from the cytoplasm. They function as organs of motility. They are therefore seen only in organisms that are motile. They are made of protein (Flagellin).
</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >The functions of flagella are:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">1-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >motility (mainly)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">2-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >attachment to site of infection e.g. stomach.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">3-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Diversity of antigens, this is used for diagnosis and this is mainly in <i>Salmonella typhi</i> (the causative agent of typhoid fever).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">4-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Invasion. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">5-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Colonization (form colony).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >3- Pili:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Pili are divided into two groups:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style=""><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">1-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Sex pili,</span></b></span><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" > referred to as sex pili because of their role during conjugation when genes are transferred from one cell(donor) to another cell (recipient). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style=""><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style="">2-<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7pt;" > </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Common pili, or Fimbriae: </span></b></span><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >these are thought to be the organs of adhesion that help bacteria to attach to the host cells (Virulent Factor).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >4- Spores:-<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style=""> </span>These are dense structure produced by some bacteria, e.g. the Bacilli and Clostridia groups, that enable them to survive adverse environmental conditions. They develop within and at the expense of the vegetative cell. The spore comprises the chromosomal material surrounded by several walls layers.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Chemically, endospore has a large amount of Ca<sup>++</sup> and less number of enzymes. Dpiclonic acid is also presents in spore.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Spores are resistant to heat, stains, desiccation, chemicals and disinfectants.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >Each spore germinates to produce a vegetative cell during favorable conditions.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >The location and shape of the spore in the cell may be of diagnostic assistance, e.g. the spores of<span style=""> </span><i>Clostridium tetani</i> are terminal, and the diameter is greater than that of the parent cell, so that they are characteristically of drum stick appearance.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" >The positions of the spores are described as:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><span style=""> </span>Terminal<span style=""> </span>, Sub terminal<span style=""> </span>, or Central <span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="line-height: 150%;font-size:18pt;" ><o:p> </o:p></span>
</p>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-23803446909465774722010-07-05T23:39:00.000-07:002010-07-05T23:40:31.666-07:00Bacterial Growth Requirement<p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Bacterial Growth Requirement:-<span style=""> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Cultivation of Bacteria:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Culturing of Bacteria:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Culturing is a technique used to isolate a microorganism in a pure culture and used for testing the sensitivity to an antibiotic i.e. to determine the suitable antibiotic for certain microorganism.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">e.g. to isolate organism from a specimen, you need culture media, then inoculate the specimen (e.g. urine) by a needle in a zigzag form, then incubate at temperature 37˚C, after 24 hours you see organism growing in pure form, i.e. you found only one type, otherwise it is mixed.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">The medium of culturing must contains:</span></b><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="">1-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Carbon source: carbohydrate, organic salts<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="">2-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Nitrogen source: peptone = Digestive protein. Amino acids<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="">3-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Essential vitamins (growth factor)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="">4-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Minerals<span style=""> </span> (growth factor)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="">5-<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Essential amino acids: in meat extract(beef).<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">- These ingredients are dissolved in distilled water, the pH is adjusted to 7.2 and then the medium should be sterilized (e.g. by Autoclave).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">- Medium is either solid or liquid and some times semisolid.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="LTR" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;">Solid medium: used for isolation in pure form.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-17754874628905032342010-07-05T23:19:00.000-07:002010-07-05T23:26:02.942-07:00<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 63px; height: 116px;" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:SooEfYbPpONt2M:http://www.bombayharbor.com/productImage/0410795001176028781/Laboratory_Medical_Equipments.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
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<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 129px; height: 119px;" src="http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:TKUsCeS7x4lCnM:http://ph.88dbmedia2.jobsdb.com/DB88UploadFiles/2008/04/17/73FC7AC2-2C78-4B45-A3DB-0A8AE847A8B9.JPG" alt="" border="0" />mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-24440321330747141302010-07-05T23:05:00.000-07:002010-07-05T23:10:28.561-07:00<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 170px; height: 142px;" src="http://www.fotosearch.com/bthumb/UNQ/UNQ132/u16317132.jpg" alt="" border="0" />
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<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 140px; height: 170px;" src="http://www.fotosearch.com/bthumb/UNQ/UNQ132/u10011642.jpg" alt="" border="0" />mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-32766351404924944282010-07-05T22:54:00.000-07:002010-07-05T22:54:51.242-07:00Medical Laboratory Technician<object style="background-image: url(http://i3.ytimg.com/vi/r923pt1svGk/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480" height="295"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/r923pt1svGk&hl=en_US&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/r923pt1svGk&hl=en_US&fs=1" allowscriptaccess="never" allowfullscreen="true" wmode="transparent" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480" height="295"></embed></object>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-74433708423713837522010-07-02T21:26:00.000-07:002010-07-02T21:28:43.567-07:00<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigEyeh9Y5V-5ECYRfLAaEDDoYlK1fvR2pR5b4wrI275qBBv5g9ecFgnJDRSxP0qhV9ek5ibjgHg1tBJB8MCveEDFCrFUCpOrfnEZBngeIBSdSMgG1Surs88YpKou7UfeI1ATkB9SM8pQ/s320/XXAIR-E-1B2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489532137003627906" border="0" />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Foxboro Analytical - Model Miran 1B2 Ambient Air Analyzer, battery operated, microprocessor controlled single beam infrared analyzer capable of monitoring for over 100 precalibrated compounds. Measures organic and inorganic compounds which absorb infrared energy in the 2.5 - 14.5 micron region. Can be user calibrated to additional compounds or different ranges. Weighs 30 pounds. Scanning capability for quantitative analysis. LCD display. Adjustable pathlength gas cell. Four hour battery. Includes: Instrument, zero cartridge, sampling wand with filter, charger, battery pack, case, manual, and cables</span>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-60726514413365036102010-07-02T21:22:00.000-07:002010-07-02T21:25:55.366-07:00Mettler LC-P45 Balance Printer<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 242px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNF2tuaoum7Q0ziKavmrLyrLhpXcCf1BgDzT9pFUsjW8e3AVlXIAfEOugkUh3puFACz3yL-RFp34SyTR3rxScHh7Smm1V6JSzA4MbdQT5Yoq4HwHaQj8XLc-DxXtCEjkwpCy52GZPENA/s320/MTAB-X-LCP45.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489531432671886514" border="0" />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Mettler - Model LC-P45 Impact Balance Printer with RS232 Connection</span>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-53272908749677768092010-07-02T21:19:00.000-07:002010-07-02T21:21:55.513-07:00Orion Research EA 940 pH / ISE Meter<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 238px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2B1c4hFFh-3Lqpbppi_8d5nBMC7P0S2CWvXLSXLiCaqhCUWuDdF4ElimzRA_S9jcfARNdWnF_9LhSt2d5Z0gTjOgtU6QkfUzakp7IcSMIJUT8oEHHbHoqi_k288_c3yVrWg2d60KMhQ/s320/ORPH-X-940.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489530389702561074" border="0" />
Orion Research, Inc. - Model EA 940 pH/ISE Meter, 110V, 50/60 Hzmogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-63505341229135581152010-07-02T21:13:00.000-07:002010-07-02T21:16:41.551-07:00Finnigan LCQ Mass Selective Detector<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 242px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimHVNR703J2wNZTG3-3RgZ37LEWLAVRLWxVlJ6oVlgUaH81PXbCBIZlXMxuvLGkMHsz5XNUI_8PkO80q8xL0fHEVlTvOKbEnQP46DyO0U17uo0JcasWmRKckNgjB29UU5vWl6NZygxOg/s320/FMMSDX-LCQLCMS.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489528950871156898" border="0" />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Thermo Finnigan - LCQ Mass Selective Detector</span>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-4867059787750413742010-07-02T21:08:00.000-07:002010-07-02T21:13:27.699-07:00Finnigan AQA single quadrupole mass spectrometer<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8rTUkOXW9hlfbJuhFxG8tM29RILfKmVkbX3xNVcPp7jHhzBHXS0AJ7OIXX0EagnuXuZ0-0uAt7eNUSSYy2u9UeU4GjFdPIU4OcJCca0Ttz0ibXIrpp84EzU7oqaLZY8gJhgDOeRJCNA/s320/Z-FinniganAQA.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489528070215035346" border="0" />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Thermo Electron/Finnigan - Finnigan AQA single quadrupole mass spectrometer detector for coupling with Dionex HPLC and high performance IC systems, for the first ever IC/MS capabilities. The AQA is capable of switch-able dual atmospheric pressure ionization sources. Electrospray ionisation and atmospheric chemical ionisation are available for LC and IC applications. IC/MS System comes with Dionex IC25 Pump and Conductivity Module, Dionex LC30 Chromatography Oven, and Dionex AS50 Autosampler. Xcalibur Computer data system included on new computer and flat screen monitor. System can be utilized for IC/MS or Standard IC operations. System is Refurbished, Tested, and Sold with a Full Six-Month Warranty</span>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-50156675819268891392010-07-02T09:25:00.001-07:002010-07-02T09:26:45.782-07:00<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 245px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsPESuc6kCCdSwgWfM8fL-1C_bntffSmQSiMl38bCYWDcLRX8bZ285rSA2tumL_0cdEq_g3tLbtBxksbp0Y2aIigHD0e5fOqOaS1md-l_q401J8Tfj7nlXI7kjYti3awJyzJYI-qAoTg/s320/Z-DionexDX120.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489346082116457362" border="0" />
<span style="font-size:130%;">Dionex Corporation - DX120 Ion Chromatograph System Including: Dionex DX120 Ion Chromatograph, Dionex AS40 Autosampler and Dionex Peaknet 5.21 Computer Data System with New Computer and Flat screen Monitor. System is Refurbished, Tested, and Sold with a Full Six-Month Warranty. </span>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-39983111290050313152010-07-02T09:18:00.000-07:002010-07-02T09:22:22.535-07:00medical laboratory equipment<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 217px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS4bTb5_hlfjrKCEg0EGvg9p9iSS51uEzhjdi0STr7dzMwcIqtOSaKWjYQpXIivOfXJxdZqQmntyPtBAUkfUzhLxkz-20fNE-VtJ13FOfJ-hTP1G0VvoSy6LlRJX0CNhPURSEtOXXi0w/s320/hp+aligant.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489344778361254002" border="0" />
<span style="font-size:130%;">HP/Agilent - Model Agilent 1100 HPLC System Including: 1100 Quaternary Pump, 100 Position Autosampler, Variable Wavelength UV-VIS Detector, Column Module, Solvent Module, Pentium IV Computer, ChemStation Software - Tested and Recondition System with Six (6) Month Warranty. Installation and Training Options are Available. Other Pump, Detector and Autosampler Options are Available. Call us to Review a Custom Configuration and to Obtain an Instrument Specific Price Quotation.</span>mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6614891736583045687.post-63654449415919411262010-07-02T09:09:00.001-07:002010-07-02T09:12:07.695-07:00<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 153px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRpKp34Tj26NAds3AtwTn2uCJ3hhFSd6QifyKOA8KT3ESHeZxYZxLZ4neBvKujct8h2Rc-ENZ4e00SIMD0wjdNTlK061BKiowwOEaDdSSUS7G8mrkWX_J18UudKEWQGFBOJyY8UzYfCA/s320/quality.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489341890607130242" border="0" />
<img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 1px; height: 1px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6paOn1K9FhH3VW1wHYMclR4egVMovKh1qQ_hZTH6JWB71rUXCxD78DqmZAS9Q63G0rRZocfFk0U9DlpjJIBNbRiZCfKj8NhYDlupfJyT3FVkI-RcjdmdBzwvkU1dbwHXSTNV1jfAQSg/s320/P-M-B-9780521135177.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5489341884700192258" border="0" />mogdad kamalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16118545885593893601noreply@blogger.com0